Problems Using the Anonymous Witness

The article examines the procedural issues of using anonymous witnesses in national legislation and international Law. study aims to improve scientific practical foundations for witnesses. countries' allows exceptions from direct examination evidence court, should also be attributed these exceptions, fulfilling specific requirements defined case law ECHR. term “pseudonym” enshrined CPC governing participation an witness criminal proceedings. A pseudonym must meet anonymisation exclusion identification distinguished by reliability. There may cases when a is chosen who, selecting, cannot subconsciously choose surname letters that he often used, which increases risk recognising witness. During trial, are usually located particular room under pseudonym. They remain invisible participants process but court. This circumstance deprives court verifying voluntariness testimony absence pressure on Various ways induce perjury give necessary testimony. Anonymising arise after they have given usual manner. Laws allow do not consider court's right verify testimony's circumstances, Classifying regulated mainly subordinate acts official use. method classifying held or supplemented CCP use check false